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Final Cut Pro is a series of non-linear video editing software programs first developed by Macromedia Inc. The most recent version, Final Cut Pro The software allows users to log and transfer video onto a hard drive internal or external , where it can be edited, processed, and output to a wide variety of formats. Since the early s, Final Cut Pro has developed a large and expanding user base, mainly video hobbyists and independent filmmakers.
It has also made inroads with film and television editors who have traditionally used Avid Technology 's Media Composer. It comes with a range of video transitions and a range of video and audio filters such as keying tools, mattes and vocal de-poppers and de-essers.
It also has multiple color correction tools including color wheels, sliders and curves, video scopes and a selection of generators, such as slugs, test cards , and noise. The legacy v. The browser, where source media files or clips are listed, replicates the editor's traditional film "bins" or stacks of videotapes.
The Viewer, where individual media files can be previewed and trimmed, replicates the source monitor of older tape-based systems. The Canvas replicates the "program" monitor in such systems, where the edited material is viewed. The Timeline , where media are assembled into a sequence , replicates the physically edited film or master tape of earlier systems. There is also a small Toolbox window and two audio-level indicators for the left and right audio channels. Both the Viewer and Canvas have a shuttle interface for variable-speed scanning, forwards or backwards through a clip and a jogging interface for frame-by-frame advancing.
As in most digital non-linear editing applications, the Browser is not an interface to the computer's file-system. It is an entirely virtual space in which references to clips aliases are placed for easy access, and arranged in folders called 'bins'.
Since they are only references to clips that are on the media drive of the computer, moving or deleting a source file on the media hard drive destroys the link between the entry in the Browser and the actual media. This results in a 'media offline' situation, and the media must be 'reconnected'.
Final Cut Pro can search for the media itself, or the user can do this manually. If multiple clips are offline at the same time, Final Cut can reconnect all the offline media clips that are in the relative directory path as the first offline media clips that is reconnected.
The browser has an 'effects' tab in which video transitions and filters can be browsed and dragged onto or between clips. The canvas outputs the contents of the Timeline. To add clips to the Timeline, besides dragging them there, it is possible to drag clips from the Browser or Viewer onto the Canvas, whereupon the so-called 'edit overlay' appears. The edit overlay has seven drop zones, into which clips can be dragged in order to perform different edits.
The default is the 'overwrite' edit, which overwrites at an in point or the space occupied after the playhead with the incoming clip. The 'insert' edit slots a clip into the sequence at the in point or playhead's position, keeping the rest of the video intact, but moving it all aside so that the new clip fits.
There are also drop zones to have the application automatically insert transitions. The 'replace' edit replaces a clip in the Timeline with an incoming clip, and the 'fit to fill' edit does the same thing, but at the same time, it adjusts the playback speed of the incoming clip so that all of it will fit into the required space [in the Timeline].
Finally there is the 'superimpose' edit, which automatically places the dropped clip on the track above the clip in the Timeline, with a duration equal to the clip below it. Unless an in or out point are set, all edits occur from the position of the playhead in the Timeline.
Using the wireframe view on the canvas, the clip can be manipulated directly - dragging it around in the canvas to change its position, for example, or resizing it.
Precise adjustment controls for these things are in the viewer. The viewer has tabs for each channel of the selected clip's audio, in which the waveform for the audio can be viewed and scrubbed, and where its volume can be keyframed. The filters tab is where effects for the clip appear and where their parameters can be adjusted and keyframed.
If the clip selected is a generator such as an oval shape , a control tab appears for changing its geometrical properties. Finally, the viewer's motion tab contains tools to adjust the scale, opacity, cropping , rotation, distortion, drop shadow , motion blur and time remapping properties of a clip.
Mini-timelines to the right of each parameter allow the property to be keyframed. Clips can be edited together in timelines called sequences. Sequences can be nested inside other sequences, so that a filter or transition can be applied to the grouped clips. The Timeline in Final Cut Pro allows 99 video tracks to be layered on top of each other. If a clip is higher [in the timeline] than another, then it obscures whatever is below it.
The size of a video clip can be altered, and the clips can be cropped, among many other settings that can be changed. Opacity levels can also be altered, as well as animated over the course of the clip using keyframes , defined either on a graphical overlay, or in the Viewer's 'motion' tab, where precise percentage opacity values can be entered.
The compositing mode for a clip is changed by control-clicking or right-clicking on the clip and selecting it from the cascading contextual menu , or by selecting the mode from the application's 'modify' menu. For either matte modes, the clip that will perform the key is placed overneath the fill clip on the Timeline. Final Cut Pro uses a set of hot-keys to select the tools. There are almost keyboard commands that allow the user to increase the speed of edits. Randy Ubillos created the first three versions of Adobe Premiere , the first popular digital video editing application.
Macromedia could not release the product without causing its partner Truevision some issues with Microsoft, as KeyGrip was, in part, based on technology from Microsoft licensed to Truevision and then in turn to Macromedia. The terms of the IP licensing deal stated that it was not to be used in conjunction with QuickTime.
Thus, Macromedia was forced to keep the product off the market until a solution could be found. At the same time, the company decided to focus more on applications that would support the web, so they sought to find a buyer for their non-web applications, including KeyGrip, which by was renamed Final Cut. Final Cut was shown in private room demonstrations as a 0.
At the demonstration, both Mac and Windows versions were shown. The Mac version was working with a Truevision RTX dual-stream real-time card with limited real-time effects. When no purchaser could be found, Apple purchased the team as a defensive move.
In order that Final Cut Pro would be supported from the beginning with third-party self-paced and instructor-led training, Apple worked with DVcreators. Apple worked with DVcreators. After the introduction of Final Cut Pro, Adobe Premiere's market share remained strong on Windows but began to decline on the Mac as its older codebase was more difficult to maintain.
The Oxygen Network was a beta site for Final Cut Pro in late through network launch in early In late , Independent Producer, Michael A. He cited the relatively new platform hadn't failed once while rendering his film, which was not what he experienced with Avid.
After completing much of the leg work under a separate agreement between The Oxygen Network and his production company during beta testing of Final Cut he became an outspoken advocate. The studio motion picture The Rules of Attraction was edited on beta versions of Final Cut Pro 3, proving to the film industry that successful pulldown matchback to 24fps could be achieved with a "consumer" off-the-shelf product.
His advocacy of the product gave confidence to mainstream editors such as Walter Murch , that the product was ready for "prime time. In August , the application won a Primetime Emmy Engineering Award for its impact on the television industry. Final Cut Pro 4 was announced in April It included three new applications: Compressor , used for the transcoding between video formats; LiveType for advanced titling such as the creation of animated lower thirds ; and Soundtrack , for royalty-free music soundtrack creation.
It also bundled Cinema Tools , which was previously sold separately for filmmakers working with telecine. It uses the same interface as Final Cut Pro, but it lacks some of the film-specific tools and other advanced options, limiting the feature set for non-professional editors.
Soundtrack was subsequently removed with Final Cut Express 4. In April , version 4. The software had been capable of uncompressed HD editing since version 3. In March the Universal Binary 5. Upgrades were achieved by sending the original installation discs back to Apple with a fee. One noticeable difference is that the Intel versions of Final Cut and Motion no longer recognize After Effects plug-ins.
Instead, Apple released its own universal plug-in architecture FxPlug. Once again, Apple did not have a booth at NAB , though the product was well represented on the show floor in various booths. In its initial release, Final Cut Pro X was met with mixed reviews as many video editors eschewed its dramatic departure from the traditional editing interface and the dropping of many legacy and some non-legacy features.
At the time of the initial release, a significant number of long-time Final Cut Pro users considered the new product to be an unsatisfactory product undeserving to be part of Final Cut Pro product line. The initiator of the petition was banned from the Apple discussion forums. Final Cut Pro X In November , in tandem with the release of macOS Final Cut Pro can be configured where to store them. Apple has come under some criticism for not supporting the older.
The software is called 7toX [17] and was developed by Philip Hodgetts. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Series of video editing applications by Apple. This section needs additional citations for verification.
September Learn how and when to remove this template message. TVB Europe. May 1, Archived from the original on January 4, Retrieved January 22, American Cinema Editors Society. June 21,
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